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LN?K欹'` 鳵D+bjbjLULU2..?.?u,zzzzzzz???8##b/6#(^#^#^#^#?R?%???????$1h€32?]z%??%%?zz^#^#4/???%z^#z^#??%???6A-zz}.^#*# 餤鋬=溗??!.?2/0b/=.@??:?8}.?z}.%%?%%%%%???%%%b/%%%% $ $zzzzzz Correlation between Seminal Carnitine and Functional Spermatozoal Characteristics in Men with Semen Dysfunction of Various Origins T蛓烻郪_w崉v緗P[(嵪懴QNO鰁 緗瞞-N墍眡+T蠎N烺齹緗P[yr乢剉鴙sQ'`蔛YTg(u鎉薳墍眡燫YNp戞]薳墍眡鵞緗P[(嵪憣Tpe蠎剉q_蚑 Authors: Michele De Rosa1; Bartolomeo Boggia1; Biagio Amalfi1; Stefano Zarrilli1; Angela Vita2; Annamaria Colao1; Gaetano Lombardi1 Source:  HYPERLINK "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/adis/rdd" \o "Drugs in R&D" Drugs in R&D, Volume 6,Number 1, 2005, pp. 1-9(9) eg恘齎 0o兞TxvzN蹚U\ 0Bg譥 2005t^,{6wS ,{1gAbstract:Background and objective: L-carnitine is an essential molecule involved in mitochondrial metabolism, controlling the transport of acetyl and acyl groups across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Carnitine and acetylated carnitine (L-acetylcarnitine) are found in high concentrations in the epididymis, where they also act as antioxidants, protecting spermatozoa against damage caused by reactive oxygen species. In this open study we investigated the correlation between seminal carnitine levels and spermatozoal function, and the effect of combined L-carnitine + L-acetylcarnitine therapy, in infertile men. 虁of孴諎寶顅剉鎉薳墍眡/fN蛓N縹抾SO匭癳H栥N"岠vsQ剉蛻亯ir( 6RYNp憣Tp扂W{|z菑縹抾SO匭渷剉 O搹0xvz裇皊鎉薳墍眡孴YNp戞]薳墍眡(WD杶w-NSm坃貧 僛霳 T鰁wQ g梑'lSBR 軴緗P[MQm忹m'`'l鶺Gr祂ROS _c砙剉\O(u0(W,g_>e_xvz-N b霳xvz哊緗瞞-N墍眡剉+T蠎N緗P[(嵪憣T烺齹剉鴙sQ'` 錘蔛YTO(u鎉薳墍眡孴YNp戞]薳墍眡鵞籰梪7u'`N瞼剉梪He0Patients and methods: 170 infertile men were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into those with a total sperm motility below the normal WHO range (<50% motility, group 1 [n = 102]) and those with total sperm motility within the normal range ( INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ingentaconnect.com/iso-ents/isotech/ge.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET 50% motility, group 2 [n = 68]). Patients in group 1 were further divided into two groups: those with primary or secondary azoospermia (1B [n = 36]), and those without (1A [n = 66]). Patients in group 1A received L-carnitine 1 g/day and L-acetylcarnitine 500mg twice daily for 6 months. Seminal carnitine levels were measured and correlated with sperm count and motility, eosin test, hypo-osmotic swelling test, acridine orange test for sperm nuclear DNA integrity and sperm kinetics evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis in all patients. 諎寶舥篘孴諎寶筫誰 g170T7u'`N瞼舥篘耂燫哊,g!kxvz0舥篘珗Rb2膥,{1膥102篘 鍕膥舥篘;m≧緗P[~vR噑NO嶯ck8^剉WHO凈V\嶯50% ,{2膥68篘 緗P[;`;m≧噑(Wck8^凈V匭'Y嶯I{嶯50% 0,{1膥舥篘萐珗Rb2膥1B孴1A01BqQ36篘 /f烻裇'`孴鐍裇'`緗P[:ON;m汻Nb孨 剉舥篘 1A66篘 /f緗P[ g;m汻剉舥篘01A膥舥篘g(u鎉薳墍眡1KQ/)Y 燫YNp戞]薳墍眡500雓KQ/)Y  蟢)Y$N!k 迯韣6*Ng0纇Kmy橆vS靊緗瞞-N墍眡4ls^蔛vQN緗P[pe孴;m≧剉sQ鹼 蔛惽彙嫍{:g厪㏑緗P[R恎鵞@b g舥篘緗8hDNA孾te'`孴緗P[≧汻f[膵0O蹚Ln恔xSkxx憼敤伬€纇Km 踁磏$処Q }纇Km TvUYj纇Km  Results: There was a significant corr L D F ^ `     "Njm "6蜚帚吓鞠偿钮煡艛唝斻蜚騧帚帚騧]m]m帚jh玶oCJKHUmH sH h玶oCJKHmH sH h玶oCJ\乵H o(sH h玶o5丆J\乵H o(sH h玶oCJmH o(sH h玶oCJjh玶oCJUmH sH h玶o5丆JmH sH h玶oCJo(h玶oCJmH sH h玶o5丆Jh玶oCJKHmH o(sH h玶o5丆JKHmH o(sH h玶o5丆JKHmH sH $ L    ""D%$'&'?|)~)???? & F?B+6 B%D%J%L%$'&'>'??|)~)?????????????+++.+B+D+磙雅门鼎椂扪纽掇雅杜杜弸弸弸弸儁t嬇 h玶oo(h玶o5丠*\乷(h玶o5乗乷(h玶ojh玶oUh玶oCJKH\乵H o(sH h玶o5丆JKH\乵H o(sH h玶oCJKHmH o(sH Uh玶oCJKHmH sH h玶o5丆JKHmH sH h玶o5丆JKHmH o(sH $h玶oCJKHOJQJ\乵H o(sH #elation between seminal carnitine concentration and sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm total motility, rapid forward progression, live sperm count, membrane function, nuclear DNA inte-grity, capacity for cervical mucus penetration, linearity of spermatic movement, and amplitude of lateral sperm head movement (all p < 0.0001) in the entire study population. In group 1A, there was a significant increase in total motility, live sperm count, membrane integrity and linearity of spermatic movement after 3 and 6 months of L-carnitine/L-acetylcarnitine treatment, and in capacity for cervical mucus penetration after 6 months of treatment, compared with baseline. 觺済鵞@b g諎寶舥篘剉纇Km觺済裇皊 緗瞞-N墍眡SmN緗P[剉Sm ;`緗P[pe 緗P[;`;m≧噑 隷TMR;m≧噑 ;m緗P[pe 緗P[渷剉烺齹 緗P[8hDNA剉孾te'` P[玔垬榺瞞z慅€汻 緗P[袕≧剉縹'` 緗P[4Y钀袕≧剉*jT/cE^pGW<0.0001  gf>f鴙sQ'`0(W1A膥 舥篘蟸菑YTg(u鎉薳墍眡燫YNp戞]薳墍眡 緗P[;`;m≧噑 ;m緗P[pe 渷孾te'`錘蔛緗P[袕≧剉縹'` (W,{3*Ng孴,{6*Ng剉纇Km-NGW裇皊 gf>f瀀燫0v^N(W蟸菑6*Ng剉籰梪T 緗P[z怭[玔垬榺瞞剉齹汻N(uo僊R鴙詋_N gf>f衏貧0Conclusion: Seminal carnitine concentration may be an appropriate marker of sperm and epididymal function. 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